2 Chainz & Lil Wayne - No Problem (Official Video) - Duration: 4 minutes, 45 seconds. 103,171,596 views; 11 months ago; 4:24.Define rapper: a person who performs rap music or speaks the words of a rap song. Vote for what you believe will be the future legends in this golden Hip-Hop/Rap era. Also who is currently the best young rapper. From the best new rappers, to the. Rappler is a social news network. Our stories provide perspective, inspire community engagement, smart conversations, & action for social change. Content tagged with Rapper. AHH Stray News: Missy’s Back on the Road, Danny Brown’s New Release, Diddy Unloads NYC Apartment. Rapping (or rhyming, spitting, emceeing, MCing,) is a musical form of vocal delivery that incorporates "rhyme, rhythmic speech, and street vernacular," which is. We are aware of this and are working to make it available to you soon. If you want the full Rappler. Firefox, Chrome or Internet Explorer.
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Dramatic new revelations about the fate of the world's most famous ship. In 2005, an expedition to explore the wreckage made an interesting discovery south of the. Frequently Asked Questions. What happens when I register to buy? We keep your name and contact information on file, and if we ever find the specific pieces you.
Building Instructions; Replacement Parts; Contact Us; Product Recalls; About Us. Responsibility; Jobs; Legal Information; Newsroom; Supply Chain. Missing Bodies More Than 1000 Bodies Are Unaccounted for The number of people believed to have been killed in the World Trade Center attack hovers around 2,780, three. How to Make an Effective Missing Pet Poster (with Pictures)1. Find a picture of your pet. A color photo is best, but black and white will work just fine. Be sure that the photo is clear and that it shows any defining physical characteristics of your pet, for instance distinctive patterning on its fur. It should be at least a couple inches high and state clearly what it lost. For example, if you lost your cat it should say . People can walk right past a boring sign. Make sure you have a bold heading to catch their attention. Place your pet's photo right under the header. It should be the size of a normal photo, around 5 x 7. If you are making a handmade sign, you can simply paste the photo in place. If you are making a poster on your computer, you will need to scan your photo or use one that you already have in electronic form. Go straight to the details. People usually don't feel like reading a long paragraph, so making bullet points can work effectively. Include your pet's sex, age, coat length, color, and any collar or tags. Any information can help! Make sure your contact information is clear and to the point. Include your first name and your phone number on the poster. This will allow the average reader to scan the poster quickly and find it. That way, you can dispose of the number once you are done. Specify that you will give a reward, if you will give one, but don't give an amount. If you want to offer a reward, do so, but do NOT mention the dollar amount. Many times thieves will take a purebred dog or cat and hope for a large reward to be offered. This is a personal touch that might encourage someone to take action. It doesn't have to be long. It can just simply say . Otherwise, you can probably make copies on a home printer. You will want to distribute your poster widely, so make sure to get enough copies made.
113 Shoemaker Rd, Rome, Pa 18837' title='113 Shoemaker Rd, Rome, Pa 18837' />
Pine Cradle Lake Family Campground - UPDATED 2. Reviews (Rome, PA)Map updates are paused. Zoom in to see updated info. Reset zoom 0. 5/2. There are no pins in your viewport. Try moving the map or changing your filters. Only show hotels with confirmed availability. Please change your dates, or view 0 other deal from Standard Room Getting you more information on this room See More . When Alan Hammerstun inherits a quaint ranch house in the foothills of the Great. The Cradle Mountain is a mountain in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. The mountain is situated in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park. Cradle Lake by Ronald Malfi. Sign up to save your library. With an OverDrive account, you can save your favorite libraries for at-a-glance information about. The office staff is very nice and helpful. There are family oriented activities like Bingo and Trick or Treating. They offered pumpkins for carving. Cradle Lake TasmaniaThe prices for camping are very reasonable. Review collected in partnership with this hotel This business uses tools provided by Trip. Advisor (or one of its official Review Collection Partners) to encourage and collect guest reviews, including this one. Reviewed October 1. We so enjoyed the holloween weekend. Helpful hint be sure you remember how to get back home. Lot of beautilful farms. Review collected in partnership with this hotel This business uses tools provided by Trip. Advisor (or one of its official Review Collection Partners) to encourage and collect guest reviews, including this one. Snowall Cradle Lake 12 Trip Reports. Sort by: Hiked here recently? Hotels in Cradle Mountain-Lake St. Clair National Park Book reservations for Cradle Mountain-Lake St. Clair National Park hotels, motels, and resorts, with thousands. Reviewed October 1. This is a wonderful campground! Jake and the staff are very friendly and accommodating! Sites are large and well maintained. Bath houses are clean and large with private shower rooms. The lake is beautiful. Review collected in partnership with this hotel This business uses tools provided by Trip. Pine Cradle Lake Family Campground in Rome, PA. A fun, relaxing camping vacation awaits. Let us become your best camping memory. Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park is in Tasmania, a state of Australia. This park has two main attractions - Cradle Mountain making up the north of the park, with Lake St Clair in the south. Gustav Weindorfer first. Palm Beach County Library System. Cradle Lake by Ronald Malfi. One night Alan dreams the path ends at the foot of a lake and dives in;. Read 9 reviews of Pine Cradle Lake Campground in Rome, Pennsylvania. View amenities of Pine Cradle Lake Campground and see other nearby camping options. Advisor (or one of its official Review Collection Partners) to encourage and collect guest reviews, including this one. Lisa SReviewed October 1. We love Pine Cradle Lake. There is so much to and our boys (ages 1. Everyone is so friendly and helpful. The lake is beautiful especially in the fall. I must say that this campground is definitely my favorite !!!! Review collected in partnership with this hotel This business uses tools provided by Trip. Advisor (or one of its official Review Collection Partners) to encourage and collect guest reviews, including this one. Reviewed October 1. We love Pine Cradle! We go every year for their Halloween weekend. The staff is very nice and helpful. Campground is always very clean. Other campers are very nice. They always have things for the kids to do. We can't ever say enough nice things.. More. Review collected in partnership with this hotel This business uses tools provided by Trip. Advisor (or one of its official Review Collection Partners) to encourage and collect guest reviews, including this one. Awards & Recognition. Amenities Top amenities. Pool. Free Parking. Hotel Amenities. Free Parking. Children Activities (Kid / Family Friendly)Babysitting. Details Price range. SEK 3. 36 - SEK 1,0. Based on Average Rates for a Standard Room) Location. United States > Pennsylvania > Rome Nearby Restaurants. Bren's Family Restaurant. Original Italian Pizza & Ristorante. Flying Cow Bakery and Cafe. Bishops Family Restaurant. Nearby Attractions. Pickering Winery. Tioga Downs. 11. 4 reviews 1. French Azilum. 9 reviews 1. Sayre Historical Society Museum. How is the internet speed. July 2, 2. 01. 5. Ask for a level lot if you're a larger RV (Big Rig)? Own or manage this property? Claim your listing for free to respond to reviews, update your profile and much more. Yardstick Testing & Training. Our story. When we launched Yardstick in 2. Since then, we grew, acquired, invented award- winning approaches to psychometrics, technology and certification. We’re still growing, still building a safer, more confident world, one learner at a time. 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Comune di Parigi (1. Wikipedia. Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera. La Comune di Parigi . Quando il governo provvisorio deluse le sue aspettative e l'Assemblea nazionale, eletta l'8 febbraio 1. Iniziati i combattimenti nei primi giorni di aprile, l'esercito comandato da Mac- Mahon pose fine all'esperienza della Comune entrando a Parigi il 2. Seguirono decine di migliaia di condanne e di deportazioni, mentre migliaia di parigini fuggirono all'estero. Nei primi di agosto le sue armate furono ripetutamente sconfitte, l'Alsazia e la Lorena invase. L'opinione pubblica cominci. Turbarlo, oggi, vuol dire diventare complici dei nostri nemici ». L'ex prefetto di Parigi Haussmann invoc. Ci sono pochi borghesi e molti colletti neri . Si levano grida: Viva la Repubblica! S'intona lo Chant du d. L'opposizione al bonapartismo eletta all'Assemblea era costituita da repubblicani moderati, ed invit. I bonapartisti, i monarchici legittimisti e orl. Il deputato Favre, per allontanare il popolo dall'Assemblea temendo che potesse forzare l'emanazione di decreti, dichiar. Ministri senza portafoglio furono Jules Ferry, Emmanuel Arago, Alexandre Glais- Bizoin, Eug. Trochu non credeva nemmeno possibile difendere Parigi. Quella sera si riunirono nella scuola di rue au Maire alcune centinaia di rappresentanti delle sezioni dell'Internazionale, dei sindacati e dei club rivoluzionari parigini. La funzione dei comitati di vigilanza sarebbe dovuta consistere nel controllo degli atti del governo, segnalandone natura ed effetti al Comitato centrale che avrebbe coordinato le azioni da intraprendere contro le eventuali « macchinazioni reazionarie del governo », denunciandole alla popolazione parigina. Riflettendo la composizione sociale prevalente del rione, i comitati esprimevano politiche e assumevano iniziative diverse. Quelli del centro della citt. Se ne sono contati trentasei in attivit. I pochi circoli dei quartieri borghesi chiusero ben presto per mancanza di argomenti e di oratori. Ciascun club aveva un proprio programma politico, si partecipava pagando dieci centesimi, si tenevano pubbliche riunioni, si eleggeva mensilmente un ufficio con un presidente e due vice- presidenti. L'ufficio convocava le assemblee fissando gli argomenti e coordinando gli interventi degli oratori, che erano tenuti a rispettare la linea politica del club. Per esempio, il club di Batignolles aveva per esplicito programma la difesa della Repubblica e la lotta contro la reazione, quello di Clignancourt chiedeva ai suoi aderenti di essere repubblicani, socialisti e rivoluzionari. Le idee politiche e sociali dominanti nelle forze rivoluzionarie erano di diverso tipo. In Francia erano molto diffuse le teorie proudhoniane, secondo le quali occorreva conciliare lavoro e capitale. Ogni cittadino doveva essere un produttore di beni, « un uomo libero, un vero signore che agisce per propria iniziativa e sotto la sua personale responsabilit. I prodotti sarebbero andati al mercato e i produttori avrebbero ricevuto un numero di buoni equivalenti alle ore lavorate, con i quali avrebbero potuto comperare merci e servizi a loro necessari. In questo modo ciascuno avrebbe ricevuto il giusto compenso per il proprio lavoro e avrebbe acquistato al giusto prezzo i prodotti altrui. Questo, chiamato da Proudhon mutualismo, . Ha il diritto di costruire scuole per la sua giovent. Vicini ai proudhoniani nel rifiuto dello Stato e delle forme organizzate di lotta politica, erano i seguaci di Michail Bakunin, che non avevano per. Comunisti, essi ponevano in primo piano la necessit. Per ottenere questo risultato, ritenevano sufficiente l'organizzazione di un piccolo nucleo di risoluti cospiratori, disciplinati ed efficienti che, una volta impadronitisi del potere, avrebbero instaurato un governo dittatoriale, necessario per stroncare ogni opposizione e, insieme, per attirare a s. Le trasformazioni sociali sarebbero avvenute pi. Repubblicani radicali, i loro obbiettivi politici erano le libert. La loro base sociale risiedeva nell'intellettualit. Non a caso i blanquisti Humbert, Vermersch e Vuillaume fondarono il quotidiano Le P. Caricatura di Faustin, 1. Il 1. 7 settembre il Comitato centrale pubblic. Si chiedeva la soppressione della polizia, che « in tutti i governi monarchici aveva servito la causa dell'asservimento dei cittadini e non la causa della sua difesa ». Le sue funzioni dovevano essere trasferite ai municipi, che avrebbero eletto funzionari appositi, e i suoi compiti sarebbero stati svolti dalle guardie nazionali. Ogni legge limitativa della libert. Stante la situazione di guerra, tutti i cittadini dovevano essere armati, ogni strumento necessario alla difesa requisito, tutti i prodotti alimentari di prima necessit. A Parigi si trovavano i 1. A intervalli di qualche chilometro si ergevano quindici forti, pi. Parigi disponeva altres. Thiers era stato mandato in missione diplomatica presso i governi europei, e il ministro degli esteri Jules Favre aveva avuto il 1. Ferri. Fu per altro smentito dal segretario di Bismarck, secondo il quale Favre « non vers. Il 2. 0 settembre un'assemblea di migliaia di persone riunite a Belleville vot. Il club di rue d'Arras vot. Trochu rispose facendo promesse. L'8 ottobre fu il Comitato centrale a organizzare una manifestazione per ottenere la fissazione a breve della data delle elezioni, ma questa volta solo ottocento persone manifestarono sotto le finestre dell'H. Confortato dal successo, il governo dichiar. Tuttavia il suo programma era ampio e ambizioso, prevedendo il principio della sua completa autonomia; il diritto di revoca e la responsabilit. Poteva essere l'occasione di una sortita in massa per rompere l'accerchiamento, ma Trochu rifiut. Egli calcolava, d'accordo con Bismarck, di far firmare la pace all'imperatrice Eugenia e insieme restaurare l'Impero. Ma l'imperatrice rifiut. Una grande folla di cittadini comuni e di guardie nazionali accorse all'H. Nella confusione, furono compilate diverse liste di membri di una commissione incaricata di indire le elezioni della Comune e di nominare il nuovo governo. Nel pomeriggio, fu raggiunto l'accordo sui nomi dei designati: Avrial, Blanc, Blanqui, Delescluze, Dorian, Flourens, Hugo, Ledru- Rollin, Milli. Intanto, Arago, Ferry e Trochu riuscirono a dileguarsi, mentre Blanqui emanava l'ordine di occupare la prefettura e i municipi rionali, e veniva costituito un Comitato di salute pubblica, composto da Blanqui, Delescluze, Flourens, Milli. La sera, mentre gran parte della folla e delle Guardie nazionali sgombravano l'H. A notte, la situazione si era rovesciata. Liberati gli ultimi ministri, Jules Favre promise che le elezioni si sarebbe tenute e assicur. Gli insorti ottennero il diritto di allontanarsi indisturbati dall'edificio, che torn. Il 3 novembre fu indetto un plebiscito, nel quale si chiedeva se « la popolazione di Parigi mantiene s. Le elezioni municipali, tenute il 5 novembre, videro eletti dodici sindaci governativi e otto tra radicali e socialisti, tra i quali Mottu a Popincourt, Clemenceau a Montmartre, Delescluze alle Buttes- Chaumont e Ranvier a Belleville. I prezzi aumentavano e molti prodotti sparirono dal mercato, come la carne bovina. Si vendeva la carne di cavallo, poi fu la volta della carne di gatto, di cane e di topo. A dicembre furono abbattuti gli animali del giardino zoologico, e furono macellati gli elefanti, gli orsi, le antilopi. Furono introdotte le tessere per la carne, e i pi. Essenziale alimento quotidiano rimaneva il pane, « un impasto nero che torceva gli intestini ». L'erogazione del gas interrotta, razionato il petrolio, le strade di notte erano immerse nel buio pi. La situazione sanitaria peggior. Prima della guerra la mortalit. Potrete vedermi cadere, ma non mi vedrete retrocedere ». Il 3. 0 novembre, superata la Marna a Nogent, battuti i prussiani, fu conquistata Champigny. Nel gelo, senza coperte, tende, ambulanze e rifornimenti, i francesi resistettero un giorno e il 3 dicembre Ducrot ordin. Una capitolazione immediata sarebbe stata impopolare e pericolosa, perch. Noi vogliamo, infine, che la terra sia data ai contadini che la lavorano, le miniere ai minatori che vi lavorano, le fabbriche agli operai che le creano ». Accusava il governo di non aver fatto il reclutamento generale, di aver lasciato al loro posto i bonapartisti e messo in prigione i repubblicani, di non saper condurre la guerra e di affamare i parigini: « l'unica salvezza del popolo e l'unico mezzo contro la rovina . Tutti compresero che la sortita era stata fatta per sacrificarli ». Nel pomeriggio del 2. Guardia nazionale affollavano place de Gr. Rimasero uccise una cinquantina di persone, tra le quali l'internazionalista Th. Il 2. 3 gennaio, munito di un lasciapassare, Jules Favre raggiunse Bismarck a Versailles per concordare le condizioni della resa. Fu previsto un primo indennizzo di 2. Parigi, le elezioni dell'Assemblea Nazionale entro dieci giorni. L'Assemblea avrebbe poi dovuto approvare il trattato di pace. Bismarck voleva anche il disarmo della Guardia nazionale, ma Favre gli fece presente la difficolt. L'armistizio fu firmato il 2. Parigi furono nuovamente pieni di merci. Le elezioni, tenute l'8 febbraio, diedero una netta maggioranza ai rappresentanti monarchici: su 6. Furono chiamati da Gaston Cr. Il programma del governo era: concludere la pace e sottomettere Parigi. Tornato il 2. 8 febbraio a Bordeaux, li sottopose all'Assemblea che li approv. Conclusa la questione della pace con il Trattato di Francoforte, il governo si occup. Venne adottata la risoluzione di trasferire l'Assemblea a Versailles, fu abrogata la moratoria del pagamento degli affitti e delle cambiali in scadenza - due misure che colpivano soprattutto operai, artigiani e piccoli commercianti - furono nominati i generali Aurelle de Paladine capo della guardia nazionale e Valentin prefetto di polizia, il cui corpo venne rinforzato. Il 1. 4 marzo lo stesso Thiers, convinto di risolvere in tre giorni il problema di Parigi, stabil. Broken City (2. 01. IMDb. Edit. Storyline. In New York City, detective Billy Taggart goes to court for the murder of the rapist Mikey Tavarez, but the Mayor Nicholas Hostetler and the Chief of Police Carl Fairbanks vanish with important evidence and Billy is declared not guilty by the judge; however, he leaves the police department.
Jim Bottorff's Banjo Page Since 1996 Picking at a Bluegrass Jam. Records I learned from (click on picture) Strumming at Banjo-Rama. District information and calendars, enrollment procedures, schools and contact information. Seven years later, Billy is a private detective and lives with his girlfriend Natalie Barrow, who is an aspiring actress and the sister of Mikey's victim. His secretary Katy Bradshaw (Alona Tal) is trying to collect part of the debts to save their business. In the week of the elections, Hostetler summons Billy and offers $2. Cathleen Hostetler, whom he believes is having a love affair. Billy discovers that Cathleen is meeting Paul Andrews, who is the coordinator of the campaign of Jack Valliant, the opponent of Hostetler and favorite in the election. When Paul is found dead on the street, Billy finds that he had been double- crossed by Hostetler and he decides to .. Cryptography - Wikipedia. For the Aya Kamiki album, see Secret Code. Cryptography or cryptology (from Greek. Directed by Pedro Almodóvar. With Penélope Cruz, Lluís Homar, Blanca Portillo, José Luis Gómez. Harry Caine, a blind writer, reaches this moment in time when he. News, Photos and Information about Los Angeles Times. A5/1 is a stream cipher used to provide over-the-air communication privacy in the GSM cellular telephone standard. It is one of seven algorithms which were specified. Modern cryptography exists at the intersection of the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineering. Applications of cryptography include military communications, electronic commerce, ATM cards, and computer passwords. Cryptography prior to the modern age was effectively synonymous with encryption, the conversion of information from a readable state to apparent nonsense. The originator of an encrypted message (Alice) shared the decoding technique needed to recover the original information only with intended recipients (Bob), thereby precluding unwanted persons (Eve) from doing the same. The cryptography literature often uses Alice (. It is theoretically possible to break such a system, but it is infeasible to do so by any known practical means. These schemes are therefore termed computationally secure; theoretical advances, e. There exist information- theoretically secure schemes that provably cannot be broken even with unlimited computing power—an example is the one- time pad—but these schemes are more difficult to implement than the best theoretically breakable but computationally secure mechanisms. The growth of cryptographic technology has raised a number of legal issues in the information age. Cryptography's potential for use as a tool for espionage and sedition has led many governments to classify it as a weapon and to limit or even prohibit its use and export. In other words, the letters in the alphabet are shifted three in one direction to encrypt and three in the other direction to decrypt. Until modern times, cryptography referred almost exclusively to encryption, which is the process of converting ordinary information (called plaintext) into unintelligible text (called ciphertext). A cipher (or cypher) is a pair of algorithms that create the encryption and the reversing decryption. The detailed operation of a cipher is controlled both by the algorithm and in each instance by a . The key is a secret (ideally known only to the communicants), usually a short string of characters, which is needed to decrypt the ciphertext. Keys are important both formally and in actual practice, as ciphers without variable keys can be trivially broken with only the knowledge of the cipher used and are therefore useless (or even counter- productive) for most purposes. Historically, ciphers were often used directly for encryption or decryption without additional procedures such as authentication or integrity checks. There are two kinds of cryptosystems: symmetric and asymmetric. In symmetric systems the same key (the secret key) is used to encrypt and decrypt a message. Data manipulation in symmetric systems is faster than asymmetric systems as they generally use shorter key lengths. Asymmetric systems use a public key to encrypt a message and a private key to decrypt it. Use of asymmetric systems enhances the security of communication. Symmetric models include the commonly used AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) which replaced the older DES (Data Encryption Standard). However, in cryptography, code has a more specific meaning. It means the replacement of a unit of plaintext (i. RFC 2. 82. 8 advises that steganography is sometimes included in cryptology. Encryption attempted to ensure secrecy in communications, such as those of spies, military leaders, and diplomats. In recent decades, the field has expanded beyond confidentiality concerns to include techniques for message integrity checking, sender/receiver identity authentication, digital signatures, interactive proofs and secure computation, among others. Classic cryptography. Simple versions of either have never offered much confidentiality from enterprising opponents. An early substitution cipher was the Caesar cipher, in which each letter in the plaintext was replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions further down the alphabet. Suetonius reports that Julius Caesar used it with a shift of three to communicate with his generals. Atbash is an example of an early Hebrew cipher. The earliest known use of cryptography is some carved ciphertext on stone in Egypt (ca 1. BCE), but this may have been done for the amusement of literate observers rather than as a way of concealing information. The Greeks of Classical times are said to have known of ciphers (e. Spartan military). An early example, from Herodotus, was a message tattooed on a slave's shaved head and concealed under the regrown hair. In the Kautiliyam, the cipher letter substitutions are based on phonetic relations, such as vowels becoming consonants. In the Mulavediya, the cipher alphabet consists of pairing letters and using the reciprocal ones. After the discovery of frequency analysis, perhaps by the Arab mathematician and polymath. Al- Kindi (also known as Alkindus) in the 9th century. Such classical ciphers still enjoy popularity today, though mostly as puzzles (see cryptogram). Al- Kindi wrote a book on cryptography entitled Risalah fi Istikhraj al- Mu'amma (Manuscript for the Deciphering Cryptographic Messages), which described the first known use of frequency analysis cryptanalysis techniques. For those ciphers, language letter group (or n- gram) frequencies may provide an attack. Essentially all ciphers remained vulnerable to cryptanalysis using the frequency analysis technique until the development of the polyalphabetic cipher, most clearly by Leon Battista Alberti around the year 1. Al- Kindi. He also invented what was probably the first automatic cipher device, a wheel which implemented a partial realization of his invention. In the polyalphabetic Vigen. In the mid- 1. 9th century Charles Babbage showed that the Vigen. Breaking a message without using frequency analysis essentially required knowledge of the cipher used and perhaps of the key involved, thus making espionage, bribery, burglary, defection, etc., more attractive approaches to the cryptanalytically uninformed. It was finally explicitly recognized in the 1. Security of the key used should alone be sufficient for a good cipher to maintain confidentiality under an attack. This fundamental principle was first explicitly stated in 1. Auguste Kerckhoffs and is generally called Kerckhoffs's Principle; alternatively and more bluntly, it was restated by Claude Shannon, the inventor of information theory and the fundamentals of theoretical cryptography, as Shannon's Maxim—'the enemy knows the system'. Different physical devices and aids have been used to assist with ciphers. One of the earliest may have been the scytale of ancient Greece, a rod supposedly used by the Spartans as an aid for a transposition cipher (see image above). In medieval times, other aids were invented such as the cipher grille, which was also used for a kind of steganography. With the invention of polyalphabetic ciphers came more sophisticated aids such as Alberti's own cipher disk, Johannes Trithemius' tabula recta scheme, and Thomas Jefferson's wheel cypher (not publicly known, and reinvented independently by Bazeries around 1. Many mechanical encryption/decryption devices were invented early in the 2. Enigma machine used by the German government and military from the late 1. World War II. In the United Kingdom, cryptanalytic efforts at Bletchley Park during WWII spurred the development of more efficient means for carrying out repetitious tasks. This culminated in the development of the Colossus, the world's first fully electronic, digital, programmable computer, which assisted in the decryption of ciphers generated by the German Army's Lorenz SZ4. Just as the development of digital computers and electronics helped in cryptanalysis, it made possible much more complex ciphers. Furthermore, computers allowed for the encryption of any kind of data representable in any binary format, unlike classical ciphers which only encrypted written language texts; this was new and significant. Computer use has thus supplanted linguistic cryptography, both for cipher design and cryptanalysis. Many computer ciphers can be characterized by their operation on binarybit sequences (sometimes in groups or blocks), unlike classical and mechanical schemes, which generally manipulate traditional characters (i. However, computers have also assisted cryptanalysis, which has compensated to some extent for increased cipher complexity. Nonetheless, good modern ciphers have stayed ahead of cryptanalysis; it is typically the case that use of a quality cipher is very efficient (i. CPU capability), while breaking it requires an effort many orders of magnitude larger, and vastly larger than that required for any classical cipher, making cryptanalysis so inefficient and impractical as to be effectively impossible. Extensive open academic research into cryptography is relatively recent; it began only in the mid- 1. In recent times, IBM personnel designed the algorithm that became the Federal (i. US) Data Encryption Standard; Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman published their key agreement algorithm. Since then, cryptography has become a widely used tool in communications, computer networks, and computer security generally. Some modern cryptographic techniques can only keep their keys secret if certain mathematical problems are intractable, such as the integer factorization or the discrete logarithm problems, so there are deep connections with abstract mathematics. There are very few cryptosystems that are proven to be unconditionally secure. The one- time pad is one. There are a few important ones that are proven secure under certain unproven assumptions. For example, the infeasibility of factoring extremely large integers is the basis for believing that RSA is secure, and some other systems, but even there, the proof is usually lost due to practical considerations. There are systems similar to RSA, such as one by Michael O. Pimuju Farm Cottage, 4 star self catering cottage, for Limpopo Accommodation, affordable Limpopo Self Catering Accommodation, Limpopo Game Lodge Accommodation, 4 x 4. The Watcher Files - Exposing aliens, reptilians, humans who are possessed and controlled by them, government black operations, aliens, ufos, the secret government and. Hover over links below to find more pages on my website. If you don't have Java enabled, please click on the DWLZ Sitemap button below. Please hit refresh to see the. Toravon the Ice Watcher is an Ice giant boss, located in an eastern wing of the Vault of Archavon. 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